Publications
Check out my profile on Google Scholar (Fay E Clark)
Published journal articles
- CLARK, F.E., GREGGOR, A.L., MONTGOMERY, S.H., & PLOTNIK, J.M. 2023. The endangered brain: actively preserving ex-situ animal behaviour and cognition will benefit in-situ conservation. Royal Society Open Science 10:230707. doi: 10.1098/rsos.230707.
- STEINBRECHER, F., DUNN, J. C., PRICE, E. C., BUCK, L. H., WASCHER, C. A., & CLARK, F. E. 2023. The effect of anthropogenic noise on foraging and vigilance in zoo-housed pied-tamarins. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 256:105989. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105989.
- CLARK, F.E. 2023. In the Zone: Towards a comparative study of flow state in primates. Animal Behavior and Cognition, 10(1):62-88. doi: 10.26451/abc.10.01.04.2023.
- CLARK, F.E., & DUNN, J.C. 2022. From Soundwave to Soundscape: A Guide to Acoustic Research in Captive Animal Environments. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889117. Includes supplementary material.
- CLARK, F.E. 2022. Bridging Pure Cognitive Research and Cognitive Enrichment. Animal Cognition 26(6):1671-1678. doi: 10.1007/s10071-022-01636-2.
- CLARK, F.E., CHIVERS, L., & PEARSON, O. 2022. Material and food exploration by zoo-housed animals can inform cognition and enrichment apparatus design. Zoo Biology, 41(1):26-37. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21699.
- BROOKES, O., GRAY, S., BENNETT, P., BURGESS, K.V, CLARK, F.E., ROBERTS, E., & BURGHARDT, T. 2022. Evaluating Cognitive Enrichment for Zoo-housed Gorillas Using Facial Recognition. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.886720.
- GARCIA-PELEGRIN, E., CLARK, F.E., & MILLER HARRISON, R. 2022. Increasing Animal Cognition Research in Zoos. Zoo Biology 41(4):281-291. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21674.
- ALEXANDER, E., ABRAHAMS, M., & CLARK, F.E. 2021. Bottlenose dolphins produce underwater bubbles linked to cognitive task engagement but not success. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2:287-299. doi: 10.3390/jzbg2020020.
- CLARK, F.E., GRAY, S.I., BENNETT, P., MASON, L., & BURGESS, K.V. 2019. High-tech and tactile: Cognitive enrichment for zoo-housed gorillas. Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.0157.
- HARLEY, J., & CLARK, F.E. 2019. BIAZA Animal Welfare Toolkit. British & Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums, London. ISSN 2632-6116 (Print), ISSN 2632-6124 (Online).
- WARD, S.J., SHERWEN, S., CLARK, F.E. 2018. Advances in Applied Zoo Animal Welfare Science. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 21: supp 1, 23-33. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1513842.
- BRANDO, S., BROOM, D.M., ACASUSO-RIVERO, C., & CLARK. F.E. 2018. Optimal marine mammal welfare under human care: Current efforts and future directions. Behavioural Processes 156: 16-36. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.09.011.
- CLARK, F.E. 2017. Cognitive enrichment and welfare: current approaches and future directions. Animal Behavior and Cognition 4:52-71. doi: 10.12966/abc.05.02.2017.
- CLARK, F.E. 2017. Introduction to the Special Issue. Animal Behavior and Cognition 4:49-51. doi: 10.12966/abc.04.02.2017.
- CLARK, F.E. & KUCZAJ, S II. 2016. Lateralized behavior of bottlenose dolphins in response to an underwater maze. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 29: 1-16. doi: 10.46867/ijcp.2016.29.00.19.
- CLARK, F.E. & WOOLAVER, L. 2015. Lac Alaotra Bamboo Lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis (Rumpler, 1975). In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, Chiozza, F., E.A. Williamson, J. Wallis and A. Cotton (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014–2016, pp. 20-22. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA.
- CLARK, F.E., MELO, FABIANO R., TALEBI, 2014. XX Ka’apor Capuchin Cebus kaapori . In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, Chiozza, F., E.A. Williamson, J. Wallis and F.E. Clark (eds.), 2014. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014. International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA.
- SCHWITZER, C., MITTERMEIER, R.A., RYLANDS, A.B., TAYLOR, L.A., CHIOZZA, F., WILLIAMSON, E.A., WALLIS, J., CLARK, F.E. 2014. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014. International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS).
- GOMES NEVES, L., CLARK, F.E., MELO, FABIANO R., RYLANDS, A.B., TALEBI, M. 2014. Brown Howler Monkey Alouatta guariba guariba. In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, Chiozza, F., E.A. Williamson, J. Wallis and F.E. Clark (eds.), 2014. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2012–2014. International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA.
- CLARK, F.E., DAVIES, S.L., MADIGAN, A.W., WARNER, A.J. & KUCZAJ, S.A. 2013. Cognitive enrichment for bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Evaluation of a novel underwater maze device. Zoo Biology 32:608-619. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21096.
- CLARK, F.E. 2013. Marine mammal cognition and captive care: A proposal for cognitive enrichment in zoos and aquariums. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research 1:1-6. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22141.
- CLARK, F.E. & SMITH, L.J. 2013. Effect of a Cognitive Challenge Device Containing Food and Non-Food Rewards on Chimpanzee Well-Being. American Journal of Primatology 75:807-816. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22141.
- CLARK, F.E. & MELFI, V.A. 2012. Environmental Enrichment for a Mixed-Species Nocturnal Mammal Exhibit. Zoo Biology 31(4):397-413. doi: 10.1002/zoo.20380.
- CLARK, F.E., FITZPATRICK, M., HARTLEY, A., KING, A.J., LEE, T., ROUTH, A., WALKER, S., & GEORGE, K. 2012. The relationship between behavior, adrenal activity and environment in zoo-housed Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Zoo Biology 31(3):306-321. doi: 10.1002/zoo.20396.
- CLARK, F.E. 2011 (b). Great Ape Cognition and Captive Care: Can Cognitive Challenges Enhance Psychological Well-being? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 135(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.010.
- CLARK, F.E. 2011 (a). Space to choose: Network analysis of social preferences in a captive chimpanzee community, and implications for management. American Journal of Primatology 73(8):748-757. This article was one of the top ten downloaded articles of 2010, published online 30 Nov 2010. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20903.
- KING, A.J., CLARK, F.E. & COWLISHAW, G. 2011. The dining etiquette of desert baboons: the roles of social bonds, kinship, and dominance in co-feeding networks. American Journal of Primatology 73(8):768-774. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20918.
Book chapters
- CLARK, F.E. 2020. What is there to learn in a Zoo setting? In: N. Dorey, V. Melfi and S.J. Ward (eds.), Zoo Animal Learning and Training. John Wiley & Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781118968543.ch5.
- COTTON, A.., CLARK, F.E., BOUBLIi, J. P., & SCHWITZER, C. 2016. IUCN Red List of Threatened Primate Species. An Introduction to Primate Conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703389.003.0003.
- CLARK, F.E. & KING, A.J. 2008. A critical review of zoo-based olfactory enrichment. In: Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 11. Hurst, J. L., Beynon, R. J., Roberts, C. S. & Wyatt, T. D. (Eds). New York: Springer. p 391-398. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-73945-8_37.
Academic theses
- CLARK, F.E. 2013. Can cognitive challenge enhance the psychological well-being of large-brained mammals? Doctoral thesis. Royal Veterinary College and Institute of Zoology.
- CLARK, F.E. 2009. Social network analysis applied to a captive chimpanzee community. MPhil thesis. University of Cambridge.
- CLARK, F.E. 2007. Environmental enrichment for a mixed-species exhibit of nocturnal mammals. MSc thesis. Royal Veterinary College and Institute of Zoology.
- CLARK, F.E. 2004. Olfactory enrichment for captive jaguars. BSc thesis. University of Southampton.
Plenary/invited presentations
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2023. How to design a zoo-based cognition research programme. Guest seminar, AnimalConcepts (online platform).
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2023. Animal cognition and welfare. Guest seminar, Eckerd College Florida, USA.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2022. Zoo Animal Welfare: Meaningful Similarities and Differences. APOPO.
- [Plenary] CLARK, F.E. 2022. Thanks For All the Fish! A Journey into Dolphin Cognition. Douglas Adams Memorial Lecture, Save the Rhino International/Royal Geographic Society, London.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2022. Environmental Enrichment & Enclosure Design, lecture. UFAW/Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2021. Anglia Ruskin University, research seminar (School of Life Sciences).
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2021. University of Cambridge, research talk (department of Archaeology and Anthropology).
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2021. University of Exeter, research talk (department of Psychology).
- [Plenary] CLARK, F.E. 2021. Cognitive Challenge and Welfare in Zoo Animals. Farm animal Cognition Welfare Symposium, FBN Dummerstorf, Germany.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2020. Stories from the Zoo: Linking animal cognition, behaviour and welfare. Public research seminar (online), Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, UK.
- [Plenary] CLARK, F.E. 2019. Gorilla Game Lab: Developing high-tech cognitive enrichment for zoo-housed gorillas. Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E., & HARLEY, J. 2019. Launch of the BIAZA Animal Welfare toolkit. BIAZA Annual General Meeting, Drayton Manor Park, Tamworth, UK.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2018. Below the surface: Cognitive enrichment for bottlenose dolphins. Proceedings of the 46th European Association For Aquatic Mammals Symposium, Zoomarine, Rome, Italy.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E., GRAY, S., BENNETT, P., BURGESS, K., CATER, K. 2018. Launch of Gorilla Game Lab: Exploring Modularity, Tangibility and Playful Engagement in Cognitive Enrichment Design. Evening seminar, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, UK.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2017. Cognitive challenge and animal welfare. World Association of Zoos and Aquaria Animal Welfare Congress, Detroit Zoo, Detroit Zoological Society, Detroit, USA.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2017. Cognitive challenge and animal behaviour. Guest seminar, Psychological Centre for Health and Cognition, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2014. Looking into the largest brains in captivity. Evening lecture series, Bristol Conservation & Science Foundation, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, UK.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E. 2011. Primate ‘Bored-games’: can a cognitive challenge device enhance the well-being of great apes in captivity? ASAB Interdisciplinary Workshop: Physical Cognition & Problem Solving, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- [Invited] CLARK, F.E., MELFI, V.A., & FARMER, H. 2007. Environmental Enrichment: Evaluation for a Mixed-Species Nocturnal Mammal Exhibit. Institute of Zoology Annual Research Symposium, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
Conference proceedings (fully published paper)
- CLARK, F.E. 2021. Cognitive challenges and wellbeing in zoo animals. Farming Animals Special 2021, 32-33.
- CLARK, F.E. 2018. Competence and Agency as Novel Measures of Zoo Animal Welfare. In: R.A Grant, T. Allen, A. Spink & M. Sullivan (eds.), Measuring Behavior 2018, ISBN 978-1-910029-39-8. pp.171-172.
- GRAY, S.I., BENNETT, P., CLARK, F.E., BURGESS, K.V., METCALFE, T., CATER, K., & KADIJEVIC, A. 2018. Gorilla Game Lab: Exploring Modularity, Tangibility and Playful Engagement in Cognitive Enrichment Design. Proceedings of the 2018 ACI Conference, Atlanta Georgia.
Conference proceedings (presentation and published abstract)
- CLARK, F.E. 2023. The capacity for Flow state in nonhuman primates. Behaviour 2023, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
- CLARK, F.E. 2023. How do animals cope with human-induced rapid environmental change? Climate Change and Health Symposium, University of Bristol, UK.
- HERNANDEZ CRUZ, G.J., CLARK, F.E. 2020. Assessment of Welfare and Abnormal Behaviour of Rescued Spider Monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) Under Different Housing Conditions. Folia Primatologica 91:285.
- HARLEY, J., & CLARK, F.E. 2019. Launch of the BIAZA Animal Welfare Toolkit. Proceedings of the 21st BIAZA Research Symposium, Welsh Mountain Zoo, Llandudno, Wales.
- CLARK, F.E. 2018. Competence and Agency as Novel Measures of Zoo Animal Welfare. Proceedings of Measuring Behavior: 11th International Conference on Methods and Techniques in Behavioural Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. pp. 171-172.
- CLARK, F.E. 2018. Cognitive enrichment in the zoo: what, why, who and how? Proceedings of the 7th UK and Ireland Regional Environmental Enrichment Conference.
- CLARK, F.E. 2017. Zoos and Aquariums as Welfare Centres: Ethical Dimensions and Global Commitment. Proceedings of the 19th BIAZA Research Symposium, Edinburgh Zoo, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
- CLARK, F.E. 2016. Competence and agency: two novel welfare indicators in zoo-housed chimpanzees. Proceedings of the 26th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, USA.
- CLARK, F.E. 2016. Challenging Cetaceans: Cognitive Enrichment for Bottlenose Dolphins. Proceedings of the 18th BIAZA Research Symposium, Yorkshire Wildlife Park, Doncaster, UK.
- CLARK, F.E., WATHES, C., & SAINSBURY, A. 2012. Cognitive enrichment for large-brained mammals in zoos. Proceedings of the 14th BIAZA Research Symposium, Newquay Zoo, Whitley Wildlife Conservation Trust, Newquay, UK.
- CLARK, F.E. 2012. Captive western lowland gorilla welfare assessment: concurrent behaviour and hormone sampling. Proceedings of the 24th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Cancun, Mexico.
- CLARK. FE. 2012. Cognitive challenges for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): The effect of complexity, predictability and control. Proceedings of the 24th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Cancun, Mexico.
- CLARK, F.E. 2011. The primate puzzler: Advanced cognitive enrichment for zoo-housed great apes. Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment, Oregon National Primate Research Center and Oregon Zoo, Oregon, USA.
- GEORGE, K., FITZPATRICK, M., HARTLEY, A., KING, A.J., LEE, T., ROUTH, A., WALKER, S.L., & CLARK, F.E. 2010. Identifying and reducing the impacts of environmental stressors in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Proceedings of the 12th BIAZA Research Symposium, Chester Zoo, The North of England Zoological Society, Chester, UK.
- CLARK, F.E. 2010. The gambit of the group: exploring spatial association and interaction patterns of captive chimpanzees using social network analysis. Proceedings of the 23rd Congress of the International Primatological Society, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- CLARK, F.E. 2010. From individual to community: using social network analysis to explore the social structure of captive chimpanzees. Primate Society of Great Britain Spring Meeting. University of Abertay, Dundee, Scotland.
- CLARK, F.E., ROUTH, A., LEE, T., & HARTLEY, A. 2008. Research at the Gorilla Kingdom exhibit at ZSL London Zoo. Proceedings of the 6th Gorilla Workshop, Disney’s Animal Kingdom & Brevard Zoo, Florida, USA.
- CLARK, F.E., ROUTH, A., LEE, T., & HARTLEY, A. 2008. How to improve the value of applied research: Evidence-based management of the Gorilla Kingdom exhibit at ZSL London Zoo. Proceedings of the 10th BIAZA Research Symposium, The Deep Aquarium, Hull, UK.
- CLARK, F.E., MELFI, V.A., CHAPMAN, J., & FARMER, H. 2007. One for all and all for one? Enrichment for a nocturnal mixed-species exhibit. Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment, Tiergarten Schönbrunn, Vienna, Austria.
- DOW, S. & CLARK, F.E. (eds). 2007. Annual Symposium on Zoo Research: 2006, Colchester Zoo. The Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland (now BIAZA), London. ISSN 1479-7100.
- CLARK, F.E. & KING, A.J. 2007. Prioritising mammal species for olfactory enrichment using anatomical criteria for olfactory specialization. Proceedings of the 8th BIAZA Research Symposium, ZSL Whipsnade Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
- CLARK, F.E. & KING, A.J. 2006. A Critical Review of Zoo-based Olfactory Enrichment. Proceedings of Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 11, University of Liverpool and University of Chester, UK (also see publication as a book chapter).
- CLARK, F.E., & MELFI, V.A.. 2005. Sexual swelling cycles of the Sulawesi crested black macaque (Macaca nigra). Proceedings of the 7th BIAZA Research Symposium, Twycross Zoo, Atherstone, UK.
- CLARK, F.E, MELFI, V., & MITCHELL, H. 2005. Wake up and smell the enrichment: a critical review of an olfactory enrichment study. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York City, USA. pp. 178-185.
- CLARK, F.E., & MITCHELL, H. 2004. Environmental enrichment for captive jaguars (Panthera onca): Assessment of the effects of two types of scent (characteristic and uncharacteristic to the natural environment) on pacing behaviour. Proceedings of the 6th BIAZA Research Symposium, Edinburgh Zoo, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Conference posters
- FREEMAN, M., BARRETT, L., CLARK, F.E., O'CONNOR, V., & WILLIAMS, E. 2023. ManyZoos: A new collaborative project. Proceedings of the 25th BIAZA Research Symposium, Dudley Zoo, West Midlands, UK.
- KOPSCH, N.T., SMITH, A.C., CLARK, F.E., & DUNN, J.C. 2022. The Effects of Construction Noise on zoo-housed Great Ape Behaviour and Physiology. Proceedings of the Primate Society of Great Britain winter meeting, Twycross Zoo, Leicestershire, UK.
- HOPPER, L.M., LEINWAND, J.G., MACHADO, J.M., ROSS, S.R., & CLARK, F.E. 2021. Progressively Challenging Enrichment: An Evaluation of a Novel Foraging Puzzle. Proceedings of the American Society of Primatologists meeting, Oklahoma City, USA.
- MACHADO, J., HOPPER, L., ROSS, S., & CLARK, F.E. 2019. The Effects of a Novel Cognitive Enrichment Task on Captive Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Behavior. Proceedings of Behaviour 2019: Animal Behaviour Society, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.
- WILLIAMS, E., & CLARK, F.E. 2019. Assessing the impact of evening events in the zoo: advocating a pro-active management approach. Proceedings of the 21st BIAZA Research Symposium, Welsh Mountain Zoo, Llandudno, Wales.
- McDONALD, K., & CLARK, F.E. 2006. Zoo internships: a case study from Colchester Zoo. Proceedings of the 8th BIAZA Research Symposium, Colchester Zoo, Colchester, UK.
Data sets
- BROOKES, O., GRAY, S., BENNETT, P., CLARK, F.E., BURGESS, K., & BURGHARDT, T. 2021. A Dataset and Application for Facial Recognition of Individual Gorillas in Zoo Environments. arXiv:2012.04689 [cs.CV]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.04689. doi: 10.5523/bris.jf0859kboy8k2ufv60dqeb2t8.